The eerie intermittent noises at the exhibition of Shu Lea Cheang’s 3X3X6 still linger in my ears. After two months of discussion in art or exchanges over the surveillance systems and its evolution in liberal countries with audiences across the globe, I can no longer ignore the surveillance cameras on the street, nor can I face the intent of tech companies and social networking applications at ease.
I am personally interested in topics concerning gender issues and gazes, and that’s why I would never want to miss the chance to apply for the internship program when I knew it was Shu Lea Cheang who would represent Taiwan in Venice Biennale.
From the beginning of the training, I could feel the devotion of the curatorial team and the staff alike during the whole journey. In the two-day training programs, we learned how to edit and interview with several experienced journalists from the Reporter, and curator Paul shared the origin and the very concept of the entire exhibition, and the process of his field work in detail. He also shared his research expertise, i.e. imprisonment and Gender Theory with us. In the intense three-hour workshop, Paul cared a lot about everyone’s opinions or questions, and he would do his best to discuss with all of us even if he might not be able to go through all the prepared lectures.
Moreover, the senior staff, Fan Wei, told us the history of Venice Biennale and Taiwan Pavilion, and artist Shu Lea Cheang coached us with our tour guiding. All their efforts allowed us to see how many people and how much precision it took to put on an exhibition. Everything from conception, administration, technical support to publicity has to be closely connected.
Tzu Xiu of the exhibition department took great care of all of us since our recruitment, departure, and arrival in Venice no matter how busy she was. She always wore a beaming smile and carefully taught us as much as she could. During the preview week, it wasn't until I was with her setting up for the event,, taking care of the performers and assisting their makeup that I realized discussions between departments and units played a huge role even in trivial activities. Every joint should be accounted for with care. I am glad to learn a lot from her and witness the whole event to successfully come to an end from the ground up.
Our challenges truly began when curators and staff flew back to Taiwan. Even though I prepared my script, I was still quite nervous in the first few guided tours. Only when I was doing my job did I learn the attention span of the audience, the questions they might raise, and my strategic approaches to different audiences. The most interesting part was when the audience shared their experiences, discussed the topic, or showed their doubts about the artist.
When I met Taiwanese visitors, I would discuss current events or cases in Taiwan with them or talked about how Taiwan Pavilion ended up in Palazzo delle Prigioni. However, my experiences with European visitors were not at all alike. Many mentioned the relationship between privacy and consumer behavior or offered controversial cases in their own country. Some even told us that the exhibition deserved to be awarded the most in their mind and was on their must-see list way before they came to the Biennale for the fieldwork studies and the episteme behind the exhibition.
During the exhibition, there were many art college instructors, computer engineers or exhibition critics asking for more information for them to introduce this exhibition. One particular experience that impressed me the most was that some forty students were sitting on the floor watching the ten footages attentively, some making sketches or studying the frequency of the projection tower. They also discussed the controversy in these cases with us. It turned out that some of them were interested in gender and body politics, and thus chose this exhibition as their report topic. In the exhibition space created by Shu Lea Cheang, any discussion and questions were welcome. I especially appreciated that everyone had their feeling and perspective after watching the same clip. No one was eager to persuade others; rather, people just tried to feel the unique texture of this space which used to be a prison and interpreted the history of sexuality in their ways.
As time passed, we were able to tailor our tour content based on the audience we met, and even got to know different anecdotes from them. Some told us that Casanova was the first and only prisoner to escape in history after they visited his hidden passage in Doge's Palace. Some visitors from Hong Kong told me how Wechat had infiltrated their life. Once using it, they had no choice but to give up their rights and freedom. Some young visitors even discussed with me that people submitted their email addresses for a ten percent discount on online shopping. While they thought they got a discount, they relinquished their personal information and privacy. Through these discussions, I get to know more aspects of the exhibition and the problems different nations are facing.
The comments in the comments book showed great diversity from personal remarks, sovereign declaration, representations of the sexual images from the exhibition, assault or criticism on the exhibition to the responses from other visitors.
I am glad that this exhibition welcomed compliments and criticisms alike and worked as an authentic platform for communication. Artists are the media that help people reflect on the critical everyday life we neglected, and art is not supposed to serve any party under a democratic, liberal government. Art belongs to those who feel it.
After staying in the City of Water for two months, I gained insight into the sound and the ancient lifestyle of the city as well as the tastes of gelato, coffee, and desserts; I also made friends with the maintenance crew for the exhibition, got to know the local lifestyle and engaged in conversations with the locals, visitors, and docents in other national pavilions. Before bidding farewell, I always said, "I work in the Taiwan Pavilion right at the Palazzo delle Prigioni. Come visit me when you are free!" I feel most satisfied to exchange artistic appreciation with so many people, to reflect upon the contemporary art forms of expression and to know all the artists and their concepts.
On the last day of my shift, a familiar voice appeared, "Why are you here?" I looked up and found it was artist Jui Chung Yao, who just visited the Doge's Palace with his family and was on his way to take his kids to visit the church and Palazzo delle Prigioni where he used to exhibit his work of art. He still clearly remembered every detail of the building that he measured and investigated when the Taiwan Pavilion had just rented this venue for the first few editions of Venice Biennale. I said to him, "It is a pity that I didn't have a chance to visit the Doge's Palace. It seems that the longer I stay, the bigger this place becomes. How can people visit Venice in just two days?" He replied in a chilled tone as always, "There's no need to be sad. I've been here seven times, but this is the first time I get a chance to enter it."
Although I didn't throw coins over my shoulder in Venice as I once did in the Trevi Fountain in Rome, I knew for sure I will come back someday. The church chimes, noises from the boat machines, random singing from the gondola man, the moisture in the air and the unique feeling of my toes drenched in the puddles have all been etched in my mind. Venice has become part of me. Thank you, Venice, for staying with me this spring and summer. I hope all is well, and hope people are kind to you. You are the most special island that proves humans can keep in harmony with the environment throughout history.
Reflecting upon the transformation of surveillance techniques since the panopticon to include contemporary 3-D facial recognition, AI, and the Internet, Shu Lea Cheang’s 3x3x6 restages the rooms of the Palazzo delle Prigioni—a Venetian prison from the sixteenth century in operation until 1922—as a high-tech surveillance space. Taking as its starting point the story of libertine writer Giacomo Casanova, imprisoned in the Prigioni in 1755, Cheang has conducted in-depth studies on ten historical and contemporary cases of subjects incarcerated because of gender or sexual dissent, including Marquis de Sade and Michel Foucault, as well as contemporary cases from Taiwan and South Africa. Their fictionalized portraits become part of the exhibition’s system; the title of which refers to today’s standardized architecture of industrial imprisonment: a 3 x 3 square-meter cell constantly monitored by 6 cameras.
Cheang departs from the architecture of the panopticon to construct the central space of the exhibition in Room A: the surveillance tower has been inverted to project the portraits of the ten prisoners and connected up to a newly developed 3-D camera surveillance system, which installed at the entrance of the exhibition scans the visitors’ faces—by electing to enter the exhibition they are accepting to become part of the system and to having their face modified. Here, gender and racial morphing become queer digital strategies to disrupt the tradition of colonial and anthropometric identification techniques, extending from Alphonse Bertillon’s criminological photography of the nineteenth century to today’s facial recognition technologies. Connected to the Internet 3x3x6 allows visitors (both physical and virtual) to send selfies and images to the exhibition system. The visitors are thus inside the total surveillance apparatus. Moving into Rooms B and C of the updated Prigioni, the physical visitors then wander into a maze of monitors that unfold the stories of the ten prisoners across time and space, histories and cultures. Whereas in the eighteenth century Casanova’s libertinage and Sade’s atheist negation of morality were the object of surveillance and discipline, in contemporary technopatriarchal digital conditions, the black man constructed as “rapist,” the HIV-positive homosexual, the transgender person, as well as women constructed as sexual e-hunters and witches are the new subjects beyond the law. Finally, in Room D, visitors are invited to discover the control room and the very operating system of the surveillance apparatus in function.
Hacking digital surveillance technologies and social media, Cheang uses the site of the prison to create a real-time dissident interface that the visitor is invited to join. Involving legal documents, fake news, historical reports, myths and fantasies, as well as the data retrieved from 3-D surveillance cameras and the images uploaded by visitors, the exhibition constructs a collective counter-history of sexuality—where trans-punk- science fiction, queer, and anti-colonial imaginations provide visual and critical frameworks to think through the histories of subjection and resistance—and activates a critical proliferation of poetic and political actions for digital times. A contribution to the digital avant-garde, Cheang’s 3x3x6 equally challenges the aesthetics of Internet global capitalism and the gender, sexual, and race norms that hold up its hidden infrastructure.
普里奇歐尼宮(Palazzo delle Prigioni)是威尼斯從十六世紀起一直使用到1922年的監獄。
鄭淑麗的作品《3x3x6》將其打造為一個高科技監控空間,反思從全景監獄(panopticon),到當代3-D人臉辨識、人工智慧、網際網路等監控技術的變遷。鄭淑麗以1755年被囚禁於總督府的浪子作家賈科莫.卡薩諾瓦(Giacomo
Casanova)的故事為出發點,深入研究了十位歷史上及當代因在性別及性傾向上持有異議而遭囚禁之人的案例,包括薩德侯爵和傅柯,以及臺灣及南非的當代個案。這些人的虛構肖像成了展覽體系的一部分。而此次展覽的標題《3x3x6》有意突顯當今監獄體系的標準化建築結構:由六個攝影機監控的3x3平方公尺牢房。
鄭淑麗以全景監獄為靈感來打造A展覽室:監控塔被反轉用來投射十位囚徒的肖像;並透過展覽入口處安裝的最新3-D攝影監控系統,掃描參觀者的臉部——只要選擇參觀展覽,觀眾即接受成為展覽體系的一部分,與自己的臉被改造。在這裡,性別與種族的轉化成為酷兒數位策略,藉以對殖民及人體測量識別的傳統提出質疑——這類技法從十九世紀阿方索.貝蒂雍(Alphonse Bertillon)發明的犯罪攝影到今天的人臉辨識技術,不一而足。《3x3x6》透過網路連結,讓觀眾(包括現場觀眾和網路觀眾)可以把自拍及其他圖像傳送給展覽體系。由此,觀眾被納入了整體監控體系的內部。接下來觀眾進入升級後的普宮B展室和C展室,在這個螢幕迷宮內,講述著十位跨越時空、跨越歷史文化的囚徒生平。在十八世紀,卡薩諾瓦的浮浪和薩德對道德無神論式的否定都是監控和戒律的對象;而在當代數位化技術父權下,被認定為「性侵犯」的黑人、患有愛滋病的同性戀者、跨性別人士,以及所謂的E女巫,則成為新的法外之徒。最後,在D展室,觀眾被邀請進入控制室,探索正在運作中的監控系統。
鄭淑麗以駭客方式入侵數位監控技術和社交媒體,利用監獄場域創造了一個即時的異議界面,並邀請觀眾參與。這個作品採用了法庭文件、偽新聞、歷史報導、神話想像,以及從3-D監控錄像採集的數據,與觀眾上傳的影像,由此集體創作性的「反歷史」——在這部歷史中,跨龐克(trans-punk)科幻、酷兒,以及反殖民想像提供了視覺與批判的框架,讓我們思考征服與抵抗的歷史。同時,這個展覽批判地激發了數位時代的詩意行動及政治行動。作為對數位前衛藝術的貢獻,鄭淑麗的《3x3x6》挑戰了網際網路全球資本主義的美學標準、以及隱藏在其結構中的性別、性及種族規範。